What are EDCs?

EDC stands for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. The endocrine system creates and sends out hormones to regulate many body functions, including growth and reproduction. It relies on the precise signaling of hormones to maintain balance and ensure the proper functioning of various physiological processes. When EDCs enter the body, they can mimic or block the action of natural hormones, leading to disruptions in normal bodily functions. 

One key reason EDCs are so harmful is that they resemble natural hormones structurally, allowing them to bind to hormone receptors and alter their normal function. For instance, steroid hormones, which are derived from cholesterol and have a distinctive 4-ringed structure, are particularly susceptible to disruption. Many EDCs have a similar chemical structure to these hormones, making it easier for the body to mistake them for genuine hormones and interfere with important processes like growth and reproduction. This can lead to a variety of health issues, including fertility problems, developmental abnormalities, and an increased risk of certain cancers.

Examples of known EDCs include:

• Parabens: Commonly used as preservatives in cosmetics, toiletries, and food products, parabens are often absorbed through the skin or ingested, disrupting hormone function.

• Phthalates and their derivatives: Used in plastics and personal care products, phthalates have been linked to reproductive and developmental harm, especially in women.

• Micro- and nano plastics: These small plastic particles, found in products such as clothing, cosmetics, and cleaning agents, have become pervasive in the environment and may interfere with hormone regulation.

• Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Known as "forever chemicals," PFAS are used in waterproof and stain-resistant products, and they accumulate in the body over time, potentially affecting hormone function and causing long-term health issues.

Where do EDCs come from?

EDCs are widespread in modern society and can be found in many everyday products that we use and consume. These chemicals originate from a variety of sources, including food and beverage packaging, cosmetics, toys, household items, and agricultural products. The use of EDCs in consumer goods is so prevalent that they are virtually unavoidable, making exposure a constant concern. Many of these chemicals are included in products for their ability to serve specific functions, such as preservatives, fragrances, or plasticizers, but their presence can have unintended health consequences.

A major source of EDCs is food and beverage packaging. Common items such as plastic containers, food wraps, and cans often contain chemicals like bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, which can leach into food and drinks, especially when exposed to heat. These chemicals then enter the body when consumed. Similarly, cosmetics and personal care products, including shampoos, lotions, deodorants, and makeup, frequently contain parabens and phthalates, which are used to enhance product performance and extend shelf life. These chemicals can be absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream, leading to potential hormonal disruptions. Toys, particularly those made from soft plastics, are another source of EDCs. Many toys contain phthalates to make them flexible, and as children play with these items, they can be exposed to harmful chemicals. 

Agricultural products such as pesticides also contribute significantly to the presence of EDCs in the environment. Pesticides and herbicides, which are used to protect crops, often contain compounds that mimic or interfere with natural hormones, leading to contamination of soil, water, and food. Water is one of the most significant sources of EDC exposure. Water bodies can contain a range of harmful chemicals, including those from industrial runoff, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and agricultural chemicals. EDCs in water include synthetic and natural hormones, such as those found in birth control pills, and chemicals from pesticides and disinfection agents. These substances can accumulate in water supplies and ultimately affect drinking water quality, as well as the health of aquatic ecosystems. Phthalates, another group of common EDCs, are often present in water due to runoff from household products and manufacturing processes, further increasing the risk of exposure.